{"id":3787,"date":"2016-04-16T08:00:24","date_gmt":"2016-04-16T14:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/?p=3787"},"modified":"2016-04-15T18:33:27","modified_gmt":"2016-04-16T00:33:27","slug":"ces-reply-joseph-smith-trinitarian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/ces-reply-joseph-smith-trinitarian\/","title":{"rendered":"CES Reply: Joseph Smith &#8211; Trinitarian? (Part I)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\">11. The Book of Mormon taught and still teaches a Trinitarian view of the Godhead. Joseph Smith\u2019s early theology also held this view.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not nearly that simple, as I\u2019ll discuss below.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\">As part of the over <a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"http:\/\/en.fairmormon.org\/Book_of_Mormon\/Textual_changes\/Why_were_these_changes_made#Insignificant_changes\">100,000 changes<\/a> to the Book of Mormon, there were major changes made to reflect Joseph\u2019s evolved view of the Godhead.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>100,000 changes? Actually, it\u2019s probably more than that. The Book of Mormon was submitted to the printer without any punctuation whatsoever, along with heaven knows how many spelling errors. (Oliver, why couldn\u2019t you have been an infallible speller?)\u00a0 So every single item of punctuation can rightly be considered a change in the original manuscript. Certainly the 100,000 are almost all punctuation additions and corrections.<\/p>\n<p>The handful of changes that have the slightest degree of doctrinal significance barely register in the double digits, making them approximately .01% of all the changes, total. So let\u2019s deal with those, most of which do, in fact, directly relate to the Trinitarian view, although I don\u2019t think it\u2019s appropriate to refer to them as \u201cmajor changes,\u201d for reasons I\u2019ll discuss below.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Examples:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 641px;\" width=\"766\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\">Original 1830 Edition Text <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/josephsmithpapers.org\/paperSummary\/book-of-mormon-1830?dm=image-and-text&amp;zm=zoom-inner&amp;tm=expanded&amp;p=7&amp;s=undefined&amp;sm=none\"><u>View Online<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\">Current, Altered Text <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lds.org\/scriptures\/bofm?lang=eng\"><u>View Online<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/josephsmithpapers.org\/paperSummary\/book-of-mormon-1830?dm=image-and-text&amp;zm=zoom-inner&amp;tm=expanded&amp;p=31&amp;s=undefined&amp;sm=none\"><u>1 Nephi 3 (p.25):<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nAnd he said unto me, Behold, the virgin whom thou seest, is the mother of God, after the manner of the flesh. <\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lds.org\/scriptures\/bofm\/1-ne\/11?lang=eng\"><u>1 Nephi 11:18:<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nAnd he said unto me: Behold, the virgin whom thou seest is the mother of <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\">the Son of <\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\">God, after the manner of the flesh. <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/josephsmithpapers.org\/paperSummary\/book-of-mormon-1830?dm=image-and-text&amp;zm=zoom-inner&amp;tm=expanded&amp;p=31&amp;s=undefined&amp;sm=none\"><u>1 Nephi 3 (p.25):<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nAnd the angel said unto me, behold the Lamb of God, yea, even the Eternal Father! <\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lds.org\/scriptures\/bofm\/1-ne\/11?lang=eng\"><u>1 Nephi 11:21:<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nAnd the angel said unto me: Behold the Lamb of God, yea, even <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\">the Son of <\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\">the Eternal Father! <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/josephsmithpapers.org\/paperSummary\/book-of-mormon-1830?dm=image-and-text&amp;zm=zoom-inner&amp;tm=expanded&amp;p=31&amp;s=undefined&amp;sm=none#!\/paperSummary\/book-of-mormon-1830&amp;p=32\"><u>1 Nephi 3 (p.26):<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nAnd I looked and beheld the Lamb of God, that he was taken by the people; yea, the Everlasting God, was judged of the world; <\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lds.org\/scriptures\/bofm\/1-ne\/11?lang=eng\"><u>1 Nephi 11:32:<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nAnd I looked and beheld the Lamb of God, that he was taken by the people; yea, <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\">the Son of <\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\">the everlasting God was judged of the world; <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/josephsmithpapers.org\/paperSummary\/book-of-mormon-1830?dm=image-and-text&amp;zm=zoom-inner&amp;tm=expanded&amp;p=31&amp;s=undefined&amp;sm=none#!\/paperSummary\/book-of-mormon-1830&amp;p=32\"><u>1 Nephi 3 (p.32):<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nThese last records&#8230;shall make known to all kindreds, tongues, and people, that the Lamb of God is the Eternal Father and the Savior of the world; <\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lds.org\/scriptures\/bofm\/1-ne\/11?lang=eng\"><u>1 Nephi 13:40:<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nThese last records&#8230;shall make known to all kindreds, tongues, and people, that the Lamb of God is <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\">the Son of <\/span><span style=\"color: #538135; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: small;\">the Eternal Father, and the Savior of the world; <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Your problem seems to be that the text was originally Trinitarian, while the changes are not. But that demonstrates a misunderstanding of doctrine of the Trinity, because even with the changes, these verses remain perfectly consistent with Trinitarian creeds.<\/p>\n<p>No Trinitarian would object to calling Jesus Christ the Son of God, or the Son of the Eternal Father. They fully believe that Jesus is the Son of God. They also believe that Jesus is his own father, as well as a separate individual from his Father, but that he is also <i>not<\/i> separate from his Father. They believe there are <i>definitely<\/i> three Gods, but more importantly, there is <i>definitely<\/i> only one God.<\/p>\n<p>And if that makes no sense, it\u2019s because, by definition, it\u2019s not supposed to.<\/p>\n<p>From that great theological treatise, Eric Idle\u2019s movie \u201cNuns of the Run:\u201d<\/p>\n<p><i>Eric Idle: Let me try and summarize this: God is his son. And his son is God. But his son moonlights as a holy ghost, a holy spirit, and a dove. And they all send each other, even though they&#8217;re all one and the same thing.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Robbie Coltrane: You&#8217;ve got it. You really could be a nun!<\/i><\/p>\n<p><em>Eric Idle: Thanks! Wait &#8211;\u00a0 what I said \u2013 does that make any sense to you?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Robbie Coltrane: Well, no. And it makes no sense to anybody. That\u2019s why you have to believe it.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>You can\u00a0watch the whole\u00a0scene below:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Trinity explained...\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hmN03PUmTnw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>If you want a more authoritative definition, here\u2019s the doctrine of the Trinity, as described by the Athanasian Creed:<\/p>\n<p><i>We worship one God in trinity, and trinity in unity; neither confounding the persons, nor dividing the substance. For there is one person of the Father, another of the Son, and another of the Holy Ghost. But the Godhead of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, is all one; the glory equal, the majesty co-eternal. Such as the Father is, such is the Son, and such is the Holy Ghost. The Father uncreate, the Son uncreate, and the Holy Ghost uncreate. The Father incomprehensible, the Son incomprehensible, and the Holy Ghost incomprehensible. The Father eternal, the Son eternal, and the Holy Ghost eternal. And yet there are not three eternals, but one eternal. As also there are not three incomprehensibles, nor three uncreated; but one uncreated, and one incomprehensible.\u00a0 So likewise the Father is almighty, the Son almighty, and the Holy Ghost almighty, and yet there are not three Almighties, but one Almighty. So the Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Ghost is God, and yet there are not three Gods, but one God.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>To quote Elder James E. Talmage, \u201cIt would be difficult to conceive of a greater number of inconsistencies and contradictions, expressed in words as few.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>So the problem with understanding the Trinity is that, by definition, it\u2019s \u201cincomprehensible,\u201d so the way people comprehend the incomprehensible often tends to be, in practice, fairly consistent with the Mormon view. Pollster Gary Lawrence, who worked with me on my father\u2019s unsuccessful 2010 reelection campaign, conducted a series of polls on this subject, and the results were quite interesting.<\/p>\n<p><i>The poll asked two questions of Christians across the country. Half were asked, &#8220;Do you believe that God, Jesus Christ and the Holy Ghost are three separate Beings, or are they three Beings in one body or substance?&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Twenty-seven percent responded similar to the Mormon belief that they are separate beings. Sixty-six percent answered in line with traditional Christian beliefs that they are &#8220;three beings in one body or substance.&#8221;<br \/>\n<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>The other half of Christians surveyed were given a different question about the Trinity: &#8220;The New Testament says that God, Jesus Christ and the Holy Ghost are one. Do you believe that means they are one in purpose or one in body?&#8221;<br \/>\n<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>This time the answers went the other direction. Those answering the traditional &#8220;one in body&#8221; were 31 percent. Those answering &#8220;one in purpose&#8221; were 58 percent.<br \/>\n<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Lawrence said that Mormons say the oneness of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit in the New Testament is an oneness of purpose. The positive response of Christians to this concept in the second question surprised Lawrence. &#8220;I was wondering if there was a difference. I wasn&#8217;t expecting a flip-flop. But it was. It just shifts from two-to-one one way and almost two-to-one the other way,&#8221; Lawrence said.<br \/>\n<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>What caused the shift? Lawrence said it is in the way the questions were asked.<br \/>\n<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>The first question focused on contrasting separateness and oneness \u2014 &#8220;separate beings&#8221; versus &#8220;three beings in one body or substance.&#8221;<br \/>\n<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>The second question focused on the meaning of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit&#8217;s oneness \u2014 a physical (or metaphyscial) oneness versus a purpose oneness.<br \/>\n<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>&#8220;If it is presented in the way Mormons interpret scripture versus the opposite, they come toward the Mormon view,&#8221; Lawrence said. &#8220;If you focus on physical characteristics, you get another one.&#8221; \u2013 <\/i>Courtesy of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.deseretnews.com\/article\/700179009\/Mormons-Christians-Mitt-and-the-Trinity.html?pg=all\">Deseret News<br \/>\n<\/a><br \/>\nThe confusion over how to interpret the creeds is still with us, and it was definitely present in the 1830s. The accepted definition of the Trinity did not arrive until centuries after the Crucifixion, and only then after a great deal of heated \u2013 and even on occasion bloody \u2013 disagreements.\u00a0 The biblical verses used to support it are in no way self-evident. As my mission president Joseph Fielding McConkie used to say, without any additional information, you could easily read the Bible from now until the Millennium and never have it occur to you that Jesus is his own father.<\/p>\n<p>I offer all that to suggest that Joseph\u2019s thinking on the Trinity very likely did evolve, but not in the way you imply. That is to say, he likely didn\u2019t fully understand that believing in the Father and the Son as separate physical beings required you to simultaneously <i>not<\/i> believe they were separate physical beings. The Trinity is a logical impossibility, and it probably wasn\u2019t until the Church started to attract attention that Joseph grasped the implications of how heretical his position really was.<\/p>\n<p>But as to these verses, why were they changed? Nobody knows for sure. My guess is that they sounded too Catholic for Joseph\u2019s taste, not necessarily Trinitarian. The phrase \u201cmother of God\u201d is uniquely Catholic and carries doctrinal implications that would likely have made Joseph uncomfortable, Trinitarians notwithstanding. All the other changes are in close textual proximity to that first one, so Joseph probably wanted to make sure this passage remained consistent. The changes really don\u2019t change the doctrine \u2013 Jesus is both God and Son of God, after all, and Trinitarians fully accept that \u2013 and they seem to clarify the issue in a way that puts distance between the Mormons and the Catholics.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, to accept that Joseph could make such changes is to accept that he could have made an error during the translation process, or that he may have made an error with this change, which, as I\u2019ve repeatedly pointed out, is not hard for me to accept at all. That may have come as a shock to you, but, again, that introduction that warns about \u201cthe mistakes of men\u201d has been in print for almost two hundred years, so it\u2019s pretty hard to say the Church has been covering up the possibility of error.<\/p>\n<p><em>Tomorrow: More Trinity!<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<spanstyle=\"color: #008000;\">11. The Book of Mormon taught and still teaches a Trinitarian view of the Godhead. Joseph Smith\u2019s early theology also held this view.It\u2019s not nearly that simple, as I\u2019ll discuss below.<span style=\"color: #008000;\">As part of the over <a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"http:\/\/en.fairmormon.org\/Book_of_Mormon\/Textual_changes\/Why_were_these_changes_made#Insignificant_changes\">100,000 changes<\/a> to the Book of Mormon, there were major changes made to reflect Joseph\u2019s evolved view of <\/span> ... <a title=\"CES Reply: Joseph Smith &#8211; Trinitarian? (Part I)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/ces-reply-joseph-smith-trinitarian\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about CES Reply: Joseph Smith &#8211; Trinitarian? (Part I)\">Read more<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3787"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3790,"href":"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3787\/revisions\/3790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stallioncornell.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}